Design - Potassium Dichromate Essay Example for Free

Design Potassium Dichromate EssayIntroductionThe answer that is carried out in this design functional is between acidified Potassium dichromate and squeeze fleece. The reaction is a redox reaction. A Redox reaction (a short way of saying reduction-oxidation reaction) is the simultaneous conveyancing of electrons between multiple substances. The oxidation numbers or the oxidation state of atoms is changed through the process of oxidation or reduction. Reduction is where electrons ar gained to the reaction and oxidation is when electrons argon lost in a reaction between substances. In this experiment compact (or Fe) is losing two electrons meaning it undergoing oxidation. Potassium Dichromate is gaining electrons meaning it is undergoing reduction. The Iron is the Reducing agent because it gave electrons to the Potassium Dichromate. The Potassium Dichromate is the oxidising agent because it took electrons from the iron.This experiment will attempt to prove the redox reactio n through experimentation.Redox half equationsx3 ( Fe Fe2+ + 2e- )Cr2072- + 14H+ + 6e- 2Cr3+ + 7H2OCr2072- + 14H+ + 3 Fe 2Cr3+ 7H2O 3Fe2+AimThe aim of this experiment is discover the relationship between the temperature (20C,25C,30C,35C,40C) of the reaction between acidified Potassium Dichromate and Iron victimisation a water bath on the rate in which the acidified Potassium Dichromate and Iron react and change garble from yellow to fatal purple.The single-handed variable in this experiment is the temperature. The reaction will be carried out at a range of temperatures. (20C,25C,30C,35C,40C) . The reaction will be carried out in a water bath. The temperature will be rated with an electronic thermometer and will be measured every 10 seconds to make sure the water bath is at a constant temperature in each trial.The dependent variable is the time it takes for the reaction between Potassium Dichromate and Iron wool to get under ones skin to completion or to turn from yellow t o green. Time will be measured with a digital stop respect.Independent variableIndependent variable browse (C 0.1C)How it is measuredHow they are changedTemperature20,25,30,35,40Electronic thermometerChanging temperature of water bathDependent variableDependent VariableHow it is measuredProblemsTimeStop watch controlled by humanReaction timeConstant variablesConstant variablesMeasurementHow they are kept constant /monitoredAmount of H2SO4 used20ml 0.1The same meter piston chamber was usedAmount of Potassium Dichromate used20ml 0.1The same measuring cylinder was usedStirring speedSlow but constantcharismatic stirrer wasnt able to be used in water bath, so I manually stirred the solution slow and constantlyMass of wool0.295g 0.305g 0.01Mass of iron wool was kept as close as possible in each testSurface area of wool6cm3 wool was squeezed into cube shape 1cmx1cmx1cmType/brand of woolSuperior manufactures ltdSame box of Iron wool is usedAir temperature19.0C 0.1CTests are carried out on same day tautness of sulphuric acid2.0 molSame bottle is used in each testConcentration of chiliad dichromate0.1 molSame solution is used in each testColourYellow- dark greenA pilot with dark green colour is used to compare to the colour change in the trialsHow to ensure reliability of resultsTo ensure the reliability of results the temperature of the water bath and the reaction are measured very frequently (once a min). The chemicals came from the same containers as to keep concentration consistent. I did a pilot test first to see what colour I am looking for. This beaker of dark green liquid is then used to compare with the colours in the trials so I know when the reaction has come to completion.Equipment1) 5x 20ml Sulphuric acid-2.0mol2) 5x 20ml Potassium Dichromate- 0.1mol3) 5x 100ml Beakers4) 1x Digital stop watch 0.5 sec5) 1x Electronic thermometer 0.1C6) 1x large water bath 0.1C7) Approximately 2g Iron wool- split into 5x 0.300g -1cm3 -cubesMethod1) Gather all the equipment that is listed in the equipment list provided above and prepare a table like the one shown on the following page.2) second set your water bath at 20C. Weigh the iron with electronic scales (0.001g) wool fashioning and modify its mass to make it 0.300g or as close as you can get. Squeeze the iron wool so that the wool is approximately 1cmx1cmx1cm. This makes the surface area constant over the trials.3) Next measure 20ml with a 50ml 1ml measuring cylinder of 0.1mol Potassium dichromate. Pour it into a 100ml beaker making sure to pour all drops into the beaker. Measure 20ml of 2.0mol sulphuric acid with a 50ml 1ml measuring cylinder. Pour it into the same 100ml beaker as the potassium dichromate.4) Measure the temperature of the water bath the an electric thermometer making sure it is 20C. When certain the temperature is constant place the beaker with the potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid into the water bath. Make sure as much of the beaker is under the water as possible but ke eping adequacy above not to let any of the water in. Get someone else to hold the beaker down if required.5) Measure the temperature of the potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid making sure the temperature is exactly 20C. When satisfied this is accurate hold the stop watch in one hand and the 0.300g 0.001g iron wool in the opposite hand. Place the iron wool in the beaker and simultaneously push the start button on the digital stop watch. The colour should change from yellow to a dark green colour. As soon as you are satisfied the colour has changed to the dark green colour push the stop button on the digital stop watch. Record this time in your pre prepared data table.6) Next repeat steeps (2-5) 5 times with the same chemicals. These will be the pentad trials.7) Repeat steps (2-6) 5 times but now change the water bath temperature. The range of temperatures are ). Record all the data in the table you have prepared.Data TableRaw data table showing the effect of a change on temper ature on the rate in which the reaction between acidified Potassium Dichromate and Iron wool occurs.

Electronic Frontiers Australia Essay Example for Free

Electronic Frontiers Australia EssayThis paper is meant to analyze the role evaluation in media apprisals trys. It is an evaluation of media military lean with specific focus on the weight-lift done by Electronic Frontiers Australia (EFA), an Australia-based NGO actioning on the online liberties and rights of all Internet exploiters. Its campaign is entitled Generation Z, that is teenagers between the ages of thirteen and eighteen age. The campaigns overall intention is to create animpression of personal responsibility among members of the commit group by inculcating a sense of discipline. It is as well meant to inform Generation Z about the disadvantages of irresponsible employ of the internet then inverse their knowingness in utilizing Internet content. In order to achieve the campaign objective, it is necessary to involve p atomic number 18nts in the process. P arnts need to be involved in the process of monitor their childrens internet use and also by teaching th em how to use the internet in the most appropriate way.The campaign aims at creating appropriate communion channels for this target population so that they do-nothing adequately develop desir able internet confabulation figures of action. This campaign forget be an opposition to organisation policy be dumb prep are it will be different from that of the government policy which advocates for internet control through external rather than internal mechanisms. Communication practitioners focus a great deal on the best ways to deliver communication strategies that are able to bring about wider awareness of the clients that they serve.Need for public relation services by the industry means that these public relation firms are always evaluating their approaches towards communication strategies that are prescribed for the industry. Crystal (2003) argues that, Public relations issue a service for an organization by helping it provide clients better information of their functions. With in organizations, public relations can also be viewed from the panorama of Public Information or Customer Relations (Paul 2008), these departments help clients in answering queries, complaints, or problems that might arise in their relationship with the organization. They are ordinarily the most helpful departments, as they exist to show the organization at their best. The EFA campaign will use a comprehensive method and strategy to see to it triumph of the campaign. This will be achieved through public relations and media relations principles.Good media relations will be build through gaining appropriate sixth sense of the media by devising ways through which appropriate relationships can be build. Furthermore, the firm has relevant information regarding internet filtering accessed through substantive internet user support from the public hence this will be a big advantage to the campaign. Use of persuasive theories will also offer the much inevitable support and attention t o the campaign. Generally, evaluation can be seen as the systematic application of enquiry methods, to understand the effectiveness and usefulness of interventions.Evaluation determines the effectiveness of a programme in terms achieving goals that have been company up and the effectiveness of those goals. Evaluation therefore is a means of measurement that is meant to assess the level of success of a communication strategy. Evaluation determines the level to which a campaign has reached its goals and also helps organizations and individuals to understand how a particular campaign worked, it is therefore a tool for find success of interventions towards a particular campaign.Evaluation should specify explicitly the goals and objectives, (Ronald 2000) of a particular campaign because this is what clients will use to measure the success of communication strategies and campaigns that are targeted to a particular case. When evaluating or measuring a particular strategy, there is need to put into consideration the outputs in terms of time to be interpreted and the budget needed. In addition, there is need for prioritization of the needs and what they are benchmarked against. Moreover, tools of evaluation may vary depending on the type of campaign and the targeted audience.There are unhomogeneous methods of media relations evaluations that are currently utilise in the Public Relations Industry. Some of these methods can be utilize to the (EFA) campaign. One method of evaluation is the use of Advertising Value Equivalence (AVE). Michaelson and Griffin (2005), posits that it is the approximate calculation of the cost of value of a purchase of advertising that has a size and location in a given publication on a specific day However, they content that this method has characteristic pitfalls and has therefore fallen out of favour by public relation practitioners.Another method of evaluation is the simple content analysis which is An elemental analysis that categoriz es or codes what is written in categories that can be statistically analyzed. The codes are developed by a close contextual review of a sample of articles. The remaining articles are reviewed based on the presence of these codes. This method moreover distinctively represents only what is written. expected pass ons or specific items of information that are not include in the codes or do not protrude in the articles are not included in the analysis (Michaelson and Griffin 2005).Prominence analysis is also another method of evaluation and was also applied to the EFA research in evaluating internet use. This analysis takes into account such factors as the publication an article appears, the date, overall size, presence of photography and other art work and size of headlines. Therefore, in a sample prominence analysis, each element is given a weight that is factored into an overall score for each article (Stanton 2007).The EFA research basically tried to evaluate the consequences and impacts of the internet through the analysis of clicking rates of links and blog. Evaluation can also be carried out through message analysis, which differs from simple and content analysis by placing the analysis on the presence of intended messages in articles. Key messages are developed based on communication objectives (Michaelson and Griffin 2005). The communicative objectives are translated into codes that become the nates of analysis.Michaelson and Griffin suggest that the best method in evaluation is to determine the availability of key parameters in the organization that are to be measured and evaluated these parameters are right information, incorrect information, misleading and contradicting information and information that has been left out. This information was used to give an pillow slip of how one company MetLife used this analysis to manage its media relations efforts on two key lines of business.As part of a national education plan to promote annuities, MetLife i dentified the media as a paramount passage of its messages to consumers. MetLife decided to determine the degree to which correct, incorrect and only partially correct information is included in new stories about annuities. The analysis enabled MetLife to make an association between the degree and length covered by the media when it comes to annuities and the clients understanding of the more than thirty years they will likely live in retirement.Through analysis of the kind of information in terms of their correctness or lack of , clients are able to comprehend the type of retirement plans they could choose from those available at MetLife and made the company to be aware of the directions it needed to take as far as selling annuities was concerned. Evaluation research normally has three phases, that is, formative, process and summative. The formative phase involves all activities that define the extent of the campaign (Payne 2007).It is in this phase where the paradigm of the probl em is ascertained, info is collected regarding mediating strategies and also provides additional illumination regarding the people being targeted by the mediation, budgetary estimates and the constraints to the full attainment of the mission as set by the problem. Focus is on basic research through focus groups and inquiries which provide opinions and attitudes that can inform campaign development. The formative phase serves as the basis for direction and also sets out the budget to be used in the research campaign.It is therefore an initial process that can also be used to analyze and get insights into the audiences values, fears and their perceptions. In the EFA campaign, formative phase was applied in the identification of the target group that is youths between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. It also involved understanding the current internet use habits among the youths whereby the official system has been seen as being unable to safeguard the safety of these youths (Paul Dylan 2003).The process phase in evaluative research has to do with keeping track of the extent to which the objectives are being achieved. Shapiro (1996) defines monitoring as the methodical Compilation and assay of information as projected progresses. It is based on projections set during the formative phase. The process phase involves collection of data, time taken to carry out the campaign and the trailing sort that is employed. Monitoring occurs mainly to keep track of activities and correct any shortcomingsthat may arise (Edward 1945). It in the main involves keeping a diary of events. Monitoring of progress of the EFA campaign will involve building media relationships through the press or media releases by creating series of professional news or feature articles. The process phase will include launch of social workshops with the aim of accessing the attention of journalists and also establish linkages with groups in the information sector that have showed concern over the EFA issue.Use of directional tactics to provide one-way flow of information and comprehensive reports to interested parties is meant to bear and achieve more support from these audiences. Other ways will be through organization of meeting among community members, visiting local schools to give speeches and use of focused groups to brainstorm on the issue. The end results of the process phase are that people would have internalized the issue at hand and thus raising the success rate of the campaign. The summative phase involves quantification of the success of goals and objectives wherebycollected quantitative data is analyzed. It also involves content analysis of the measuring characteristics of the messages. Generally, the summative phase involves propagating and demonstration of the verdict of the campaign process. It involves media responses based on readership, calculation of column centimeters in move media or minutes on air (Salin 2003). The objectives of the EFA campaign we re to train parents of Generation Z on safe internet use, as well as the prohibit influences on their children whenever they accept the unfitting information from websites.They are considered as the target stakeholder group in this campaign, and are the most important source of support in cultivating their childrens habit. Other objectives included the need to increase Generation Zs awareness in utilizing Internet content and also to counter the heaviness of free speech by educating the community about the social, political, and civil liberties concerns involved in the use of computer based communication systems. The outcomes of this campaign are generally to provide more protection to young children from accessing internet sources that are harmful to them.On the issue of training parents on safe internet use, the outcome was that galore(postnominal) parents were advised and showed ways through which they could put more productive security and consciousness that is necessary in m inimizing access to these sites by the generation Z youths. This campaign was able to shed light on the extent to which generations Z youths are using the internet to access harmful sites that is now a major cause of concern. It was also noted that most parents did not use internet filters to restrain their children.Hence the numerous campaigns that EFA had launched regarding filtering had not been so successful. The issue of forcing internet service providers to stop dead content did not only fail to achieve its intended purpose, but also raised fundamental issues regarding human rights violation of the citizens (Greenfield 1999). Furthermore, the outcome of the campaign showed that only a handful parents utilized the filtering system, while a majority of them assumed that their children would be able to select the websites that were of importance to their development.Moreover the cost of implementing the filtration system was found to be too high hence way above the majority of m ost parents. Planning and implementation of this programme started with the coming up with the appropriate secondary coil analysis of the media and preparation of a budget that was to address the issue of brochures and publicizings. The realization timetable occurred over a period of twelve weeks and it involved various actions which included composing letters to the press, designing the advertisements in the media and writing online.All these implementing strategies were done with the focus of providing consistent and orderly evaluations of these interventions (Greenfield 1999). The results of these interventions in creating are varied within the context of attempt to get information regarding the topic. A significant number of teenagers were able to release feature stories on the campaign. Circulation and readership of these magazines was also increased. Implementation also focused on the parents the teenagers, because they are the closest people who can check and control inte rnet use by their children.Parents were able to give information that was used in the development of the advertisement of briefs and variations in opinions, and the public that was needed. With changing technological renovations, then it means that people should always be informed on the current changes in technology. The campaign to filter websites cannot be said to be a very effective means to control the generation Z youths. In terms of future campaigns, there should be emphasize on the peer group relationship and the use of the internet by the young people.Campaigns should also focus on other avenues that can be used as a substitution to the internet and public education on harmful consequences of teenagers having unlimited accesses to all sites on the web (Austin 2006). termination The importance of evaluation in a communication strategy cannot be over emphasized. Communication strategies need to reflect the overall goals and objectives of the organization so as to bring about a continuum of order and efficiency. The role of campaigns in putting across pertinent issues with regards to communication will be effective through prissy utilization of evaluation tools.Public relations agencies have to put up relevant and strong communication strategies that should address the needs of clients. Evaluation process leads to better understanding of the potential outcomes and the costs versus benefits that might accrue as a result of using a particular campaign strategy.REFERENCEAustin, E 2006, strategical public relations management Planning and Managing Effective Communication, Bellman Publishing Company, Boston. Edward, B 1945, Public Relations in Business, Bellman, Boston.

Save an Environment Essay Example for Free

Save an Environment EssayEnvironment we all refer to it through divers(prenominal) definitions. Some call their vicinity and the air just around them, while others call the atmosphere of their country, the environment. In fact, our environment is e actuallything that is around us the living and the non-living things together. With a lot of unnatural factors happening around us in terms of human intervention with the environment, our natural environment is depleting day by day. The natural resources such(prenominal)(prenominal) as wet, land, air, etc. atomic number 18 getting affected day by day. There are many factors that contribute in ruining our environment and depleting it on every basis.Urbanization, increasing population, large scale deforestation, large number of vehicles on the road, and many more activities affect the environment and are making it more and more polluted. All these activities have disturbed the natural balance of our ecosystem and this imbalance fal ls heavily on human beings. The increased number of diseases, pollution and depletion of natural resources are all such aspects that cause a lot of harm to the living beings on this earth. It is very important that we all start taking our environment very seriously and do some piece at our end to reduce the dangers that our mother Earth has. By making some very simple activities of our mundane life, we can reduce the burden on the environment and help it restore the proper balance in its ecosystem. We all can contribute a bit in legal transfer our environment by1. Cutting the Energy Consumption Buying and using fluorescent light bulbs, turning off lights and other electric/electronic equipments when we leave a room, using cold water when possible, instead of hot or warm, insulating our homes so they can heat and cool more efficiently, etc. There are so many more authoritys to cut our personal energy consumption.2. Using Sustainable Energy Sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind can provide the energy we need without polluting the environment.3. Water Conservation We cannot live without water and we cannot save the environment without economy our water resource. We all must avoid wastages of water in our daily life.4. Buying Energy-efficient Eco-friendly Goods We can save environment by purchasing Energy star cross out electrical electronic goods for our day to day usages.5. Reducing, Reusing Recycling We can each play a part in reducing the waste by buying fewer items and reducing our overall consumption. If we consume less, we use less energy and produce less waste.6. Driving Less and Driving Smart Easy way to reduce driving is by joining carpool, taking public transport, etc. thus reducing air pollutions.7. Tree Plantation One of the best slipway to save environment is by planting trees as much as possible. Trees play a critical role in keeping our air clean, both by releasing oxygen into the air and by trapping carbon. The more trees we have, the better our air quality, and thats why planting trees is an excellent step to take toward saving the environment.8. Protesting Deforestation Losing large forest for the purpose of urbanization or industry means that were losing millions of trees that would otherwise be cleaning the air for us. Protesting deforestation, both through activism and by refusing to buy products that are created at the expense of the fields forests, can help slow and even halt deforestation.9. Encouraging Others Mahatma Gandhi had said, You must be the change you wish to look out in the mankind. Thats certainly true when it comes in saving the environment, and each of us has an individual responsibility to make the changes and decisions that will benefit the natural world around us.The environment wont be saved by a handful of activists or even by a collection of powerful world leaders it will be saved by the collective action of mankind. Saving the environment is our prime focus today because by directly saving the environment, we indeed make small efforts in making our own lives healthy and happy and also the lives of our coming generations.

A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay

A da Gamma Rays Report Biology EssayHave you ever so know that Gamma-ray bursts can release more energy in 10 seconds than the Sun will emit the same amount of energy in its blameless 10 billion-year lifetime? Have you ever believed that a Gamma-ray is actually the about energetic and most active photon in the electromagnetic spectrum? As a study of fact, scientists believe that a gamma-ray burst will occur once every few million years in the Milky Way, but has it ever came to your on a lower floorstanding that a gamma ray burst is the MOST powerful known explosion in the galaxy?http//www.astrocappella.com/images/GRBposter.jpgWell, Gamma-rays argon extremely high frequency waves that attain very small wavelengths and carry the largest amount of energy in the entire electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, these waves atomic number 18 produced by radioactive pinpoints as well as nuclear explosions. Because Gamma-rays pass through almost any material and are very difficult to stop, one may need a large parsimoniousness of lead or concrete in order to block them out and reduce their handicap. In fact, Gamma-rays also pass on the ability to cause serious damage when engaged by living cells due to their extremely high energy substance.http//web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/osradtraining/radiationproperties/rad1.gifHow Gamma-Rays are produced?Gamma rays are obviously part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and are photons, or in other words, packets of energy. The term photon itself means visible light particle, however, photons inside gamma rays are called gamma photons. These photons inside the gamma rays have over a million times more energy than visible light. Gamma rays originate or actually come from the nucleus of an atom, and as a result, are produced when an atom is radioactive and contains too much energy in the nucleus (the center of an atom). Also, when the atom is very active it emits a beta particle, which is an extremely high recreate electron or prot on that is emitted when an atom is radioactive. However, when the atom emits a beta particle it still contains too much energy, so it emits a gamma photon, or in other words, gamma radiation.CDocuments and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesgamma.gifPropertiesGamma rays are very high energy ionizing radiations that are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma photons have absolutely no bundle and no electric charges they are neutral and have 100% pure electromagnetic energy. In fact, Gamma Radiation is a type of energy that has a very high frequency, and therefore, consists of extremely short wavelengths. Actually, Gamma Rays can travel at the speed of light due to their high energy levels they can protract thousands of meters onwards consuming all their energy. Consequently, gamma photons can pass almost any type of material that includes human tissue. For instance, lead is used as a shield to slow down or stop gamma photons.UsesGamma rays, which are basically electromagneti c radiations discharged by radioactive or atomic decay, are used in many purposes, from cleansing cancerous cells to measuring soil density. Even though Gamma rays contain some cancer-causing properties, they are somehow used to treat some types of cancer. As a matter of fact, in the procedure called gamma-knife surgery, different beams of gamma rays are actually directed on the fruit (the cancerous cells) in order to kill them. Well, first of all, Gamma rays are used for many treatment purposes, mainly for killing tumors, cancer cells and other cancerous cells in the human body. In fact, a tracer, which is in other words, a radioactive substance, is put inside the human body, and its path (trace) inside the body is thus followed. A special gamma camera uses those rays to build up a picture, and this picture gives the doctor an excellent and complete vision of what he is treating and dealing with. The patient of gets a very small dose of the radiation and, therefore, does not suffer greatly. Secondly, Gamma Rays are used in sterilizing medical equipment by actually killing the bacteria. They are also used to kill bacteria, microbes and insects in foodstuffs, mainly meat and vegetables, basically to maintain freshness. Furthermore, gamma rays are used to gauge thickness of metals in steel mills, measure and control flow in liquids in industrial processes, as well as provide very interesting images of the universe. Finally, Gamma rays have also dis weedyd huge information about the structure of the atomic nucleus, as they actually interact with substance by different separated simple processes.CDocuments and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesradiotherapy.jpgEffectshttp//gymjunkies.com/images/vegetables.pngAs a matter of fact, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known gamma rays can get past so far some of the densest and thickest materials, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard. Because the photons that cover up gamma radiation are so energetic, their effect on human health is indeed extremely deep. Effects of gamma rays are well-known to everybody from treatment of nuclear fallout. In fact, close contact with radioactive materials of a significant size causes damage to skin tissue and deaths are also very likely. Normally, burns occur more or less directly, while nausea, fatigue and vomiting take hours to become visible after the exposure. Unfortunately, the burn is very painful and deep. Hair loss and bleeding may take up to months to start heeling and actually return to normal again. In fact, Gamma rays are generally recognized to be the most physically major grate by which ionization radiation causes cancer as well as heredity disease. http//www.animatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/tenw/page568.gifIn conclusion, Gamma-rays have the shortest wavelengths, highest frequencies, and, as a result, are the most powerful and energetic form of light in the universe. As mentioned above, it has the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays are used to kill cancerous cells, which actually assures the fact that gamma rays are an advantage to medicine, but, at the same time could be very harmful indeed. Actually, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known currently it can get past even some of the densest substances, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard.CDocuments and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy PicturesPicture%204_43.pngQuotes about Gamma RaysIn general, the objects in the universe that are very high-energy objects, or the processes that are high-energy processes, will radiate more in the short wavelength range towards the gamma rays or the x-rays.Claude NicollierThe first stage had been all over before the doctors even knew they were dealing with a new sickness it was the direct reaction to the bombardment of the body, at the moment when the bomb went off, by neutrons, beta particles, and gamma rays. rump HerseyG amma was a logical progression after doing the Open Fire record.Ronnie MontroseI turned my attention for a while to gamma ray uranology and soon began the first in a continous series of experiments at the Savannah River site to study the properties of the neutrino.Frederick ReinesIn this case, the particle formed has correspondingly less energy, whereas the return nucleus passes into the ground state with emission of the quantity of energy saved as gamma radiation.Walther BotheOur border patrol does a great job under these very dangerous conditions. They use very sophisticated equipment, including gamma rays, to detect drugs and illegal immigrants as they enter the U.S.Timothy MurphyRead more http//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/gamma.htmlixzz1EdKeRyfQ reference workWebsiteMark. Gamma Rays Radiation Protection US EPA.US Environmental Protection Agency. Us Government, 1 Oct. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. .Thompson, Martin J. What Is a Gamma Ray?WiseGEEK Clear Answers for roughhe wn Questions. IND, INC, May-June 2028. Web. 10 Feb. 2011. .Moss, Jennifer M. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Gamma Rays.Andy Darvills Science Site Home. Google, Jan. 2006. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. .Liam S. Gamma Ray Quotes Science Quotes Dictionary of Science Quotations and Scientist Quotes.Today In Science History. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. .BookSchonfelder, Volker. 5.The Universe in Gamma Rays. Berlin u.a. Springer, 2001. Print.

The Development Of The Mobile Phone English Language Essay

The Development Of The nomadic promise English Language EssayA lively phone is a portable electronic device for parley purposes it offers the user to carry nomadic any where the nomadic has network coverage. 1 The ontogenesis of mobile phone is huge in applied science and usage. Mobile phone switch made the whole communication comes into our hand and helps user for easy use. There be many firms involved in production of mobile phones, some of the important producers are Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, Blackberry and etc., the following headings discuss about the mobile phone origin, evolution and future of the mobile phone.Origin of Mobile PhoneAs of much of last century radio telephony was used what we now refer as mobile phone or cell phone. The origin mobile phone was invented in 1973, even though the concept of the cellular networks where understood in 1940s. 1Telephone a dream invention of human has been soft taken off by the mobile phone. Mobile gives us free to carry anywh ere but the landline telephones lacks. Mobile is a modern communication device which can be used for label a person on other end, SMS, Video calling, browsing and many more applications. Earlier mobile phones will be big and cant be carried in packet and at the same time it wont offers many applications, so a development or improvement of mobile phone is highly needed. And the development came in a very quick time.Mobile Phone EvolutionThe first mobile phone was very heavy and too big to carry, but the mobiles have a good growth that they have been now very small and they are up to feather touch. Mobile phone evolution has been very quick because of need of users, mobile development have been very much influenced by their manufactures. The study production of mobiles has been shared between Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, blackberry, apple and etc. The competition between these manufactures makes the mobile phone technology to grow very higher, so mobiles with ripe(p) technology evolve d they were user friendly with many options and applications.More the advanced in mobile technology more they increase in verse. Due to its mobility, mobile usage has been increase very much day by day. In near ten years or so the usage of mobile phones will be requisite and every individual in the world tries having one for them.Evolution5Development of Mobile phoneThis can be viewed as mobile generations. There are triple generations namely 1G, 2G and 3G. The first generation mobiles are analogue one, second are digital and the triplet generation mobiles gives us multimedia communication. ITU refers IMT 2000 as definition of 3G. The advanced researechof IMT being studied by ITU which is known as fourth generation. 2Half the worlds 6.5 trillion people now use a mobile (up fromTwo billion just two years ago).3The growth of the mobile also depends on the softwares used in it, at present there are many OS are being employed for development of mobile. A statistics showing the mark et share of softwares. Symbian OS had a 46.6% share of the smart mobile devices shipped in third quarter of 2008, with Apple having 17.3% (through iPhone OS), RIM having 15.3% and Microsoft having 13.5% (through Windows CE and Windows Mobile) Other competitors include Palm OS, Qualcomms BREW, Google Android, SavaJe, Linux and MontaVista Software. 4The usage of mobile increased in early 2000, because of decrease in rate of mobile and offers from the network permitrs and various attracting modelsMobile phone usagesAt the initial stage mobiles were used only for communication purposes, but later they were improved to provide some applications like games calculator. Further on they were enhanced to support internet (browsing) and many applications which are implemented using internet. Mobile phone along with calling purposes they also used for sending the text messages which is a easier and trustful way of sending messages. SMS is also cheap when compared to calling charges, the below graph shows the SMS usage world-wide from January 2000 to may 2002. Even SMS have played an role among young customers to buy mobiles and so increase in mobile usage.SMS Usage world wide prospective mobile phoneEver since from the invention of the mobile phone, development was very massive. Taking that into consideration the future of mobiles will be a tremendous one. I believe future of the mobile phone can be viewed in two ways i.e. technology and increase in no of users. Already numbers of users of mobile are in millions in next ten years nearly every individual in developed and developing countries will have mobile phones. 6Modern mobile phone 7In the technology side development of mobile will be unimagined, because at present mobiles are ever-changing to touch and GPRS phones. The development will be that the mobile phones can turn into minicomputer with enhanced options and I personally believe instead of touching or atmospheric pressure buttons in mobiles can be developed w holly to usage of voice signals ie., the mobile can be operated with the help of users voice. So mobile will be more effective and more easy to use.Mobile phone now exits will go through a huge change in the next ten years, they will be advanced with many applications to support. In short mobile be replacing landline phones computers and be a more advanced(a) smart phone.I think mobile phone will help the future even to control the satellite and will even help themto receive information about any thing in short we can we can gather information about pin to car.ConclusionIt is clearly intelligible from our real life that mobile phone is turning into our basic needs, so life without mobile will be hard to imagine. Even its development in the future is also unimaginable mobile phone will turn into a electronic device that helps a man live his/her everyday life. In future I think according to my research we can control any thing from mobile from car to computer.Bibilograpy1 A. Gow, R ichard K. Smith Mobile and Wireless communication theory an introduction chapter 3 going mobile2 International MobileTelecommunications (IMT)Cellular and Broadband Access for the 21st CenturyMichael H Callendar C.Eng. M.I.E.E(Past Chairman of ITU-R Task conference 8/1)3 Daniel Miller, mobile phones and developmentsDepartment of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, LondonWC1H 0BW, UK September 20074 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OScite_ref-45 http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileMobile_phone_evolution.jpg6 Jon Agar, Constant Touch A Brief History of the Mobile Phone7 http//business2press.com/img/lg-winmo-65-gm730.png

DRacula Chpt. In Depth Summary and Commentary Essay -- essays research

Summary The novel begins with the diary kept by Jonathan Harker, an position solicitor, or lawyer, as he travels through Central Europe on the business of his firm. He is on his way to the castle of Count Dracula, a Transylvanian nobleman, to conclude a deal in which the Count will purchase an English estate. We learn that he has just qualified to be a solicitor, this is his first assignment as a professional, and he is engaged to a young cleaning woman named Mina Murray.Harker describes in detail the picturesque country and the exotic food at the inns, noting recipes that he plans to obtain for Mina. In the evening of the first day of his diary (May 3), he arrives in the town of Bistritz, and checks into a hotel recommended to him by Dracula. There, he finds a letter from the Count awaiting him, welcoming him to the Carpathian Mountain region, and informing him that he should take a coach to the Borgo Pass, where Draculas carriage will meet him and bring him the rest of the way to the castle.The next day, as Harker prepares to leave, the innkeepers wife presses a crucifix on him and gives him incoherent warnings, verbal expression that it is the eve of St. Georges Day, when "all the evil things in the world will have full sway," and that he is going to a terrible place. He is discomfited by this, and his uneasiness increases when, as he gets aboard the coach, a crowd of peasants gathers around him, muttering various forms of the word "vampire" in their native langu...

The Future in Cyberpunk :: Genre Literature Science Fiction Essays Papers

The Future in CyberpunkWorks Cited MissingThe defining characteristics of the cyberpunk writing style have been debated since the beginnings of the literary movement. Some authors, classified as cyberpunk, question the very existence of this label, while others are in constant disagreement about the traits that puzzle out up the literature. Authors such as Bruce Sterling believe that cyberpunk is the integration of technology and literature in a world where the gap amongst knowledge fiction and reality is rapidly closing however, others such as Lewis Shiner have formed the opinion that this literature is merely a product of come forward culture, hence it should not have any true literary importance. Furthermore, cyberpunk is said to be the voice of the underground in modern society, and the vision of a new technological world. These theories represent the different views of the major authors in this genre, thus it becomes difficult to define a literary style from such opposing v iews. A more constructive method is to analyze the major characteristics and styles used in the stories considered as cyberpunk. The negative portrayal of the integration of technology and society is a central tenet of the literature, because it presents a pessimistic vision of scientific advancement. The genres dark tones, seen in the styles of its major authors, emphasize the subdued images throughout the futuristic fiction. The constant conflict between the individual and a technologically advanced society is a major alkali of the genre, for it stresses mans insignificance. These characteristics are interwoven into the fabric of cyberpunk and form a bleak image of science fiction and the future.The issue of technology and its integration into society is a major pillar of most science fiction however, it is not an requisite feature of cyberpunk. The concepts of cyberpunk literature are futuristic, but technology is not prevalent in the literature. In Rock On synthesizers, spec ial effects, lasers, and other virtual(prenominal) objects bring forth images of the future and technology. But the major theme revolves around the fact that the main character is trapped in the constructs of this world. Another example is seen in The Girl Who Was Plugged In, because the author took much care in trying to explain the possible scientific advances, yet again the major theme in the story is the characters struggle to find her individuality amongst the technology. Much of science fiction is about how the individual uses the technology to overcome the problems that confront him, conversely in the realm of cyberpunk the characters individuality is in conflict with the impersonalness of technology.